Bending guidelines

General

Maximum sheet thickness for WGW S235JR stained and oiled is 8 mm.
Maximum sheet thickness for WGW S355MC stained and oiled is 8 mm.
Maximum sheet thickness for Corten steel bent products is 6 mm.
Maximum sheet thickness for all other steel is 6 mm.
Maximum sheet thickness for stainless steel is 6 mm.
Maximum sheet thickness for aluminum is 8 mm.
Maximum weight is 45 kg.
Maximum dimensions are 2980 x 1480 mm.
Maximum stop size is 1150 mm.
These dimensions are all in relation to a 90° angle. If the product contains one or more sharp bends, use the dimensions from the sharp tables for all bends in the product.
An edging product must always have a bending radius.

Tolerances

Tolerances are always symmetrical relative to the nominal dimension.

Angle precision: see table
Leg length (per setting): see table

S.	A	B	C	D	E	F
t/m 3 mm	± 0,2 mm	± 0,5 mm	± 0,8 mm	± 0,5 mm	± 0,5°	15′/100MM
4 mm	± 0,3 mm	± 0,6 mm	± 1,2 mm	± 0,6 mm	± 0,5°	15′/100MM
5 t/m 6 mm	± 0,4 mm	± 0,8 mm	± 1,6 mm	± 0,8 mm	± 0,5°	15′/100MM
8 mm	± 0,5 mm	± 1 mm	± 2 mm	± 1 mm	± 0,5°	15′/100MM
10 mm	± 0,8 mm	± 1,6 mm	± 3,2 mm	± 1,6 mm	± 0,5°	15′/100MM

Checker plate	2 mm				1,5°
Hemming	± 1 mm	0 up to 0,5 sheet thickness

Internal radius

The internal radius is determined by the tools in conjunction with the material properties.

Sophia® will adjust the radii drawn in order to retain the shape of the final product.

For reference, these internal radii can be used for an angle of 90 degrees.

Internal Radius 90 degrees

Material thickness	Steel	Stainless steel	Aluminum	High-Strenght Steel
0,8 mm	1,39	1,56	-
1 mm	1,40	1,58	1,27
1,25 mm	1,42	1,57	-
1,5 mm	1,65	1,9	1,47
2 mm	1,88	2,22	1,67
2,5 mm	2,41	2,94	2,11
3 mm	2,75	3,75	2,50
4 mm	3,02	4,48	3,3
5 mm	3,62	7,82	4,07
6 mm	4,62	11,91	5,34
8 mm	6,97	11,64	6,33	8
10 mm	8	15	-	8,23
12 mm	7,83	-	-	7,02

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Internal Radius Sharp

Material thickness	Steel	Stainless steel	Aluminum
0,8 mm	1,41	1,72	-
1 mm	1,35	1,62	1,28
1,25 mm	1,27	1,52	-
1,5 mm	1,19	1,42	1,12
2 mm	1,3	1,59	1,22
2,5 mm	1,73	2,17	1,61
3 mm	2,51	3,73	2,86
4 mm	2,24	3,28	2,48
5 mm	2,45	5,44	2,7
6 mm	3,08	8,78	3,53
8 mm	4,74	-	4,33

Minimum leg length

This is the minimum overlay of the sheet on the mold that is necessary to perform the bending. The minimum leg length (b) is determined by the sheet thickness.

Steel and Aluminum 90 degrees

All types

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0,63 mm	8 mm	5,60 mm
0,8 mm	8 mm	5,70 mm
0,88 mm	8 mm	5,80 mm
0,9 mm	8 mm	5,80 mm
1 mm	8 mm	5,90 mm
1,25 mm	8 mm	6,10 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	7,50 mm
2 mm	12 mm	9,10 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	12,00 mm
3 mm	16 mm	12,40 mm
4 mm	24 mm	17,70 mm
5 mm	30 mm	22,60 mm
6 mm	40 mm	29,60 mm
8 mm	60 mm	43 mm
10 mm		44 mm
12 mm		56,5 mm

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Stainless Steel 90 degrees

All types

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	8 mm	5,7 mm
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	8 mm	5,9 mm
1,25 mm	8 mm	6,10 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	7,60 mm
2 mm	12 mm	9,20 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	12,10 mm
3 mm	20 mm	15,00 mm
4 mm	24 mm	17,90 mm
5 mm	40 mm	29,20 mm
6 mm	60 mm	41,80 mm
8 mm	-	43,1 mm
10 mm		57 mm
12 mm

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

High-Strength Steel 90 degrees

S355 rolled blue and CorTen A

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0.63 mm	-	-
0.8 mm	-	-
0.88 mm	-	-
0.9 mm	-	-
1 mm	-	-
1.25 mm	-	-
1.5 mm	12 mm	8.70 mm
2 mm	16 mm	11.5 mm
2.5 mm	-	-
3 mm	24 mm	16.80 mm
4 mm	30 mm	21.70 mm
5 mm	40 mm	28.70 mm
6 mm	40 mm	29.35 mm
8 mm	60 mm	42.40 mm
10 mm		55 mm
12 mm		56.5 mm

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Steel and Aluminum Sharp

All types

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0,63 mm	10 mm	9,70 mm
0,8 mm	10 mm	9,80 mm
0,88 mm	10 mm	9,90 mm
0,9 mm	10 mm	9,90 mm
1 mm	10 mm	10,00 mm
1,25 mm	10 mm	10,15 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	10,30 mm
2 mm	12 mm	12,40 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	15,25 mm
3 mm	24 mm	21,30 mm
4 mm	24 mm	22,00 mm
5 mm	30 mm	22,60 mm
6 mm	40 mm	29,55 mm
8 mm	60 mm	42,35 mm

*Please note: If the product contains one or more sharp bends, take the dimensions from the sharp tables for all bends in the product.

Stainless Steel Sharp

All types

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	10 mm	9,90 mm
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	10 mm	10,10 mm
1,25 mm	10 mm	10,20 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	10,40 mm
2 mm	12 mm	12,45 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	15,35 mm
3 mm	24 mm	21,50 mm
4 mm	24 mm	22,20 mm
5 mm	40 mm	29,20 mm
6 mm	60 mm	41,80 mm
8 mm	-	-

*Please note: If the product contains one or more sharp bends, take the dimensions from the sharp tables for all bends in the product.

High-Strength Steel Sharp

S355 rolled blue and CorTen A

Thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (b)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	-	-
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	-	-
1,25 mm	-	-
1,5 mm	12 mm	11,90 mm
2 mm	12 mm	12,30 mm
2,5 mm	-	-
3 mm	24 mm	21,15 mm
4 mm	30 mm	21,90 mm
5 mm	40 mm	28,70 mm
6 mm	40 mm	29,35 mm
8 mm	60 mm	42,40 mm

*Please note: If the product contains one or more sharp bends, take the dimensions from the sharp tables for all bends in the product.

Maximum bending length

The maximum force that the available bendingmachines at 247TailorSteel can apply to a product is not sufficient to bend a 3-metre length for all material thicknesses. Therefore, Sophia® checks the maximum bending line length for all materials and material thicknesses by the amount of force required for the bending lines to be edged, according to the table below:

Material	Plate thinkness (mm)	Bending length* (mm)
All materials < 8mm	< 8mm	4000 mm

AISI 304	8 mm	2477 mm
AISI 316	8 mm	2471 mm
S235	8 mm	3459 mm
S355	8 mm	2784 mm
Corten A	8 mm	2784 mm
S420	8 mm	2637 mm
S700	8 mm	1794 mm
Aluminium	8 mm	4000 mm

AISI 304	10 mm	2115 mm
AISI 316	10 mm	2107 mm
S235	10 mm	2949 mm
S355	10 mm	2380 mm
S420	10 mm	2254 mm
Aluminium	10 mm	4000 mm

AISI 304	12 mm	1460 mm
AISI 316	12 mm	N/A
S235	12 mm	2048 mm
S355	12 mm	1650 mm
S420	12 mm	1564 mm
Aluminium	12 mm	4000 mm

*Note:

The maximum product length remains leading when checking in Sophia®, due to the sheet dimensions.
When the product weighs more than 45 kg, you will receive a "Product too heavy" message in Sophia®. For plates heavier than 45 kg, we need to check beforehand whether our lifting aids can move the plate. For this, please contact your Area Sales Manager or Customer Service.

Minimum X-measurement for Z-bending

In order to prevent collision with the tools during a “Z-bend”, it is necessary to take into account the minimum X-measurement shown in the table.

Please note: If the setting is sharper than 90 degrees, then the minimum leg length of a V-groove must be kept wider.

Steel and Aluminum,
Z-bend 90 degrees

All types

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	8 mm	7,80 mm
0,8 mm		8,15 mm
0,88 mm	8 mm	8,30 mm
0,9 mm	8 mm	8,30 mm
1 mm	8 mm	8,50 mm
1,25 mm	8 mm	8,95 mm
1,5 mm	8 mm	10,65 mm
2 mm	12 mm	13,80 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	18,80 mm
3 mm	16 mm	20,10 mm
4 mm	24 mm	26,15 mm
5 mm	30 mm	34,65 mm
6 mm	40 mm	42,90 mm
8 mm	60 mm	63 mm
10 mm		65 mm
12 mm		79 mm

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Steel and Aluminum, Z-bend Sharp

All types

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	10 mm	18,00 mm
0,8 mm	10 mm	18,25 mm
0,88 mm	10 mm	18,40 mm
0,9 mm	10 mm	18,40 mm
1 mm	10 mm	18,60 mm
1,25 mm	10 mm	19,00 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	19,40 mm
2 mm	12 mm	20,65 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	25,80 mm
3 mm	16 mm	34,95 mm
4 mm	24 mm	36,50 mm
5 mm	30 mm	40,40 mm
6 mm	40 mm	42,90 mm
8 mm	60 mm	62,20 mm

Stainless Steel,
Z-bend 90 degrees

All types

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	8 mm	8,35 mm
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	8 mm	8,70 mm
1,25 mm	8 mm	9,15 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	10,95 mm
2 mm	12 mm	14,20 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	19,45 mm
3 mm	20 mm	24,75 mm
4 mm	24 mm	27,40 mm
5 mm	40 mm	44,10 mm
6 mm	60 mm	63,20 mm
8 mm	-	66,30 mm
10 mm		84 mm
12 mm		-

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Stainless Steel, Z-bend Sharp

All types

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	10 mm	18,60 mm
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	10 mm	19,00 mm
1,25 mm	10 mm	19,40 mm
1,5 mm	10 mm	19,80 mm
2 mm	12 mm	21,15 mm
2,5 mm	16 mm	26,55 mm
3 mm	20 mm	36,05 mm
4 mm	24 mm	37,60 mm
5 mm	40 mm	44,10 mm
6 mm	60 mm	63,20 mm
8 mm	-	-

High-Strength Steel,
Z-bend 90 degrees

S355 rolled blue and CorTen A, Z-bend

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	-
0,8 mm	-	-
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	-	-
1,25 mm	-	-
1,5 mm	12 mm	12,30 mm
2 mm	12 mm	13,40 mm
2,5 mm	-	-
3 mm	24 mm	23,45 mm
4 mm	30 mm	31,80 mm
5 mm	40 mm	40,40 mm
6 mm	40 mm	41,15 mm
8 mm	60 mm	60 mm
10 mm		76 mm
12 mm		79 mm

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

High-strength Steel, Z-bend Sharp

S355 rolled blue and CorTen A, Z-bend

Sheet thickness	Groove width (w)	Leg length (x)
0,63 mm	-	-
0,8 mm	-	-
0,88 mm	-	-
0,9 mm	-	-
1 mm	-	-
1,25 mm	-	-
1,5 mm	12 mm	18,95 mm
2 mm	12 mm	20,15 mm
2,5 mm	-	-
3 mm	24 mm	33,75 mm
4 mm	30 mm	35,45 mm
5 mm	40 mm	40,35 mm
6 mm	40 mm	41,15 mm
8 mm	60 mm	60 mm

Maximum and minimum bend angle

Due to the rebound of the material, the sheet must always be bent a bit farther than the angle indicated. The tools have a maximum angle of 30˚, which allows for bends of up to 37˚ when you take the rebound into account. The minimum angle to be bent is 175˚.

Steel and Aluminum

All types

Thickness	Bend angle
to 4 mm	37° up to 175°
5 to 8 mm	67° up to 175°
10 mm	67° up to 175°
12 mm	85° up to 175°

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

Stainless Steel

All types

Thickness	Bend angle
to 4 mm	37° up to 175°
5 mm to 8 mm	67° up to 175°
10 mm	85° up to 175°
12 mm	-

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

High-Strength Steel

S355 rolled blue and CorTen A

Thickness	Bend angle
to 3 mm	37° up to 175°
4 mm to 8 mm	67° up to 175°
10 mm	85° up to 175°
12 mm	85° up to 175°

*For thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, it is not possible to bend full lengths. Please contact Customer Service for more information.

If the protruding section is longer than 58 mm, then the corner to be bent cannot be smaller than 70˚ due to collision on the lower beam of the bending machine. If the protruding section is not longer than 58 mm, then the maximum angle is 37˚.

Max X = 1390 mm at 90° bending

Minimum distance from hole to bending line

Due to curving and deviations, holes larger than 5 mm may not fall within the leg length of the concerning material type and thickness.
For holes within the minimum leg length, make sure that the sum of the diameters of the holes and/or length of the slots never exceeds 10% of the length of the relevant setting.

Click here for an overview of the minimum leg lengths

If the hole still has to be closer to the bend line, a cut can be made to the bend line.

Do not use a radius greater than 1 mm in the corners of the cut.

Conditions for the cutting line:

Length = minimum length of hole (A)
Width = 0.8 x sheet thickness (B)

Note: The end of the bend line must be straight, and is also included in the calculation for the maximum break in the bend zone.
If there is a bevel here, we cannot guarantee that the product will meet tolerances. See illustration.

Bendable materials

Material	Thickness
CRS CR4	0,8 up to 3 mm
HRS 14 HR pickled & oiled	3 up to 8 mm
HRS 50F45 pickled & oiled	3 up to 6 mm
HRS 14 HR	2 mm
HRS 46F40	3 up to 8 mm
HRS 46F40 pickled & oiled	3 up to 8 mm
HRS CorTen A	3 up to 5 mm
CRS CorTen A	1,5 up to 2 mm
AlMg3 EN AW 5754 H111	1 up to 8 mm
AlMg3 ENAW5754 H111 1sc	1 up to 3 mm
Sendzimir DX51+Z275	0,75 up to 4 mm
Zincor St12 ZE25/25-03	0,8 up to 3 mm
Brass CuZn37 HH	1 up to 3 mm
Magnelis S250 + ZM310	1 up to 4 mm

Material	Thickness
AISI304L 2B	0,8 up to 6 mm
AISI304L 2B 1s coated	1 up to 3 mm
AISI304L 240Si grit 1s coated	2 mm
AISI304L 320Si grit 1s coated	1 up to 4 mm
AISI316L 2B	1 up to 5 mm
AISI316L 320Si grit 1s coated	1 up to 3 mm
AISI430 240 grit 1s coated	1 mm
AISI430 finish 2R	1 mm
AISI 1.4003 CR finish 2B	1,5 up to 2 mm
AISI 1.4003 HR finish 1D	3 up to 4 mm

Material	Thickness
AISI304L 2B	3 up to 5 mm
AISI316L 1D	6 mm
HRS 14 HR pickled & oiled	8 mm
HRS 46F40	6 mm
HRS 46F40 pickled & oiled	6 mm
AlMg3 EN AW 5754 H111	8 mm

Collision with tools/machine

The ability to manipulate the material is largely dependent on the tools used. In order to create U-shapes, 247TailorSteel uses special D-tools. In order to prevent the tools from being overworked, the D10 tools are used to bend U-shapes of up to 5 mm for steel and up to 4 mm for stainless steel. 8mm Steel, 6mm Stainless Steel and 6-8 mm High Tensile Steel are bent with an R-10 tool. However, there is a limit to the feasible width/height ratio of the U shape. See the figures below to determine what the feasible width/height ratio is.

Side view of stamp J-10

Side view of stamp D-10

Side view of stamp R-10

Front view of stamp

For products as shown in the image, the flange cannot be longer than 32 mm. This is related to the extension (35 mm) of the “horn stamps” that are used to make these types of products.

Box-shaped products

In order to prevent collision with the machine, the maximum height for box-shaped products is 230 mm.

Roof plates

With similar plates as shown below, corners can be bent up to a maximum of 122˚.

Large/Conical radii

Large or conical radii must be delivered in segments.

Products with this kind of radius are bent in steps, during which the distance between the bends must satisfy the rules for “minimum leg length”.

If a radius is bent conically using multiple consecutive settings, then the bend lines that meet at a “point” can not be drawn as overlapping.

The figure below shows the minimum sizes of stop lugs for the purpose of large or conical radii.

Minimum bend width

Our narrowest tools are 20 mm. For bends such as those in the image below, this must be taken into account. This is why there must be enough room present for the mold in order to perform the bend.

From a sheet thickness of 4 mm, the width should be at least 22 mm.

In order to bend settings (into corners) such as those shown below, a cut must be made like the one displayed with the red lines.

This cut must be at least the same width as the side to be set.

Minimum space between 2 settings

The sides to be set (corners) cannot be drawn completely against each other due to our tolerances.

We recommend:

Up to 3 mm sheet thickness, 0.5 mm space between;
From 4 to 6 mm sheet thickness, 1 mm space in between;
From 7 to 8 mm sheet thickness, 1.5 mm space in between.

Always take into account a minimum of 0.5 mm of space between the side to be set and the side that will remain flat.

Stop gages

To be able to process a product, we need at least a 20 mm stop line parallel to the edge, see example.

If it is not possible to create a straight stop line, we can also add ridges. ridges up to a maximum of 40 mm apart (one stop), or at least 200 mm apart (two stops). see image.

Hemming

At 247TailorSteel it is possible to have hemming set. The delivery specifications are as follows:

Material: aluminum, stainless steel and steel
Plate thickness (T): see table
Minimum leg length (H): see table
Minimum distance to cant (L1): 6 mm
Minimum distance to cant (L2): 13 mm

Details hemming

These minimum distances to cant (L1 & L2) also apply to tilts that are perpendicular to the hemming:

Kanting haaks op hemming 1 Kanting haaks op hemming 2

After hemming, the total height is 2 to 2.5 times the original sheet thickness (B). The tolerance A is ± 1 mm, this may result in holes not being straight across from each other. See image "Tolerances".
It is possible that hemming may cause cracks to appear in the material, this is beyond our control.
Hemming is only available in Sophia Web.

Material	Plate thickness in mm (T)	Minimum leg length in mm (H)	Minimum distance to hem flap in mm (L1)	Minimum distance to hem flap in mm (L2)
Steel / Galvanised steel	1,00	17,0	6	13
	1,25	15,5	6	13
	1,50	14,8	6	13
	2,00	14,0	6	13
Aluminium	1,00	17,0	6	13
	1,25	15,5	6	13
	1,5	14,8	6	13
	2,00	14,0	6	13
Stainless steel	1,00	18,0	6	13
	1,25	16,0	6	13
	1,5	15,0	6	13

Changelog

Date	Change Type	Description
17/11/2023	Update	Adjustment table hemming
03/11/2023	Update	Adding table Maximum Bending length
07/07/2023	Update	Update hemming information, adjustment RVS Sharp 8 mm Groove width
09/06/2023	Update	Changed the maximum sheet thickness
13/11/2018	Update	Updated bending information
26/06/2018	Update	Updated bending information
20/09/2017	Publish	Page published

Bending guidelines

Table of contents

General submission rules and guidelines

Specifications for STEP-files

Specifications for DXF/DWG-files

General

Tolerances

Internal radius

Internal Radius 90 degrees

Internal Radius Sharp

Minimum leg length

Steel and Aluminum 90 degrees

Stainless Steel 90 degrees

High-Strength Steel 90 degrees

Steel and Aluminum Sharp

Stainless Steel Sharp

High-Strength Steel Sharp

Maximum bending length

Minimum X-measurement for Z-bending

Steel and Aluminum, Z-bend 90 degrees

Steel and Aluminum, Z-bend Sharp

Stainless Steel, Z-bend 90 degrees

Stainless Steel, Z-bend Sharp

High-Strength Steel, Z-bend 90 degrees

High-strength Steel, Z-bend Sharp

Maximum and minimum bend angle

Steel and Aluminum

Stainless Steel

High-Strength Steel

Minimum distance from hole to bending line

Bendable materials

Collision with tools/machine

Side view of stamp J-10

Side view of stamp D-10

Side view of stamp R-10

Front view of stamp

Box-shaped products

Roof plates

Large/Conical radii

Minimum bend width

Minimum space between 2 settings

Stop gages

Hemming

Changelog

On demand. On time.

Steel and Aluminum,
Z-bend 90 degrees

Stainless Steel,
Z-bend 90 degrees

High-Strength Steel,
Z-bend 90 degrees